Marriage is one form of worship and Islam always encourages people to get married or not to live singly. In the hadith it is stated that married people fulfill half their religion and without marriage, one’s religion is not perfect. Marriage in Islam is seen as a worship and the law can vary depending on the conditions. Marriage can be obligatory, sunnah, mubah and haram caused by several rules of rules and when married there are conditions of marriage contract that must be fulfilled. The purpose of marriage in Islam is to build a house and continue the lineage and may be preceded by engagement (read fiance in Islam). Marriage in Islam is recommended in accordance with the words of Allah SWT in the Al qur’an letter An Nisa verses 1 and 3 which read
يا أيها الناس اتقوا ربكم الذي خلقكم من نفس واحدة وخلق منها زوجها وبث منهما رجالا كثيرا ونساء واتقوا الله الذي تساءلون به والأرحام إن الله كان عليكم رقيب
“O mankind, fear God who created you from one alone, and Allah created his wife, and from both God breeds many men and women.” (Surat an-Nisa: 1)
وإن خفتم ألا تقسطوا في اليتامى فانكحوا ما طاب لكم من النساء مثنى وثلاث ورباع فإن خفتم ألا تعدلوا فواحدة أو ما ملكت أيمانكم ذلك أدنى ألا تعولوا
“Then marry (other) women you like two, three, or four. Then if you are afraid you will not be able to do justice, then (marry) just one. “(Surat an-Nisa: 3)
Nevertheless there are marriages that may not be carried out, one of which is marriage with a woman who is forbidden to marry. To find out more clearly, see the following explanation
Understanding Mahram
Mahram is a word in Arabic which means a woman who is forbidden to marry is a group of women who must not be officially married or a marriage marriage by a man both forever and temporary. Men who become mahram women cannot marry these women for any reason. In Islam women who are illegitimate in marriage are mentioned in the Al qur’an letter An Nisa verse 23 which reads
حرمت عليكم أمهاتكم وبناتكم وأخواتكم وعماتكم وخالاتكم وبنات الأخ وبنات الأخت وأمهاتكم اللاتي أرضعنكم وأخواتكم من الرضاعة وأمهات نسائكم وربائبكم اللاتي في حجوركم من نسائكم اللاتي دخلتم بهن فإن لم تكونوا دخلتم بهن فلا جناح عليكم وحلائل أبنائكم الذين من أصلابكم وأن تجمعوا بين الأختين إلا ما قد سلف إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَان َ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا
“Forbidden from you (marrying) your mother-mother; your daughters; your brothers and sisters, your sisters and brothers; your mother’s sisters who are women; daughters of your brothers and sisters; daughters of your sisters; your mothers who breastfeed you; sister of sister; your wives (in-laws); the children of your wife who are in your care of the wife whom you have interfered with, but if you have not interfered with your wife (and have divorced), then you have not sinned her; (and forbidden to you) the wives of your biological children (son-in-law); and gather (in marriage) two women who are sisters, except those that have happened in the past; Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful. “(Surat an-Nisa: 23)
Distribution of Mahram
Based on the verse, there are three main classes of mahram, namely mahram because of nasab or keurunan, mahram mushaharah or because of marriage and mahram because of dairy and also women who are forbidden to marry. The explanation is as follows
Mahram because of nasab
The group of women who are forbidden to marry in Islam are women who are bound by nasab or offspring relationships. Based on verse 23 of An Nisa’s letter, women who cannot be married based on the nasab include
Mother, grandmother and so on upward from both male and female paths
Girls (daughters), grandchildren and so on down both from the male and female path
Sister, mother or mother
Sister (aunt), grandfather’s sister (parent’s aunt), and so on, both siblings, parents or a thousand
Mother’s sister (aunt), grandmother’s sister (parent’s aunt) and so on and above both siblings, parents or a thousand
Daughter of a sister (niece) of a sister, a mother or a thousand, her granddaughter and so on down both from the male and female path
Daughter of a sibling, a mother or a thousand (niece), her granddaughter and so on down both from the path of men and women
And the men who cannot marry the woman are among them
Biological father,
Grandfather from the father’s path or from the mother’s path and so on upwards (if there is a great-grandfather),
Male siblings,
Natural children, grandchildren and so on down (if there are great-grandchildren),
Father’s brother (ie uncle from father’s path),
Mother’s biological brother (uncle from the mother’s path),
Grandfather’s brother,
Grandma’s siblings,
Boys of male / female siblings (i.e. nephew),
Grandson’s siblings and so on down.
2. Mahram because of marriage
The second female group that should not be married is a female group or mahram on the basis of marital relations and temporary nature which means if the marriage relationship ends due to family conflict or infidelity in the household and talak, (read the law of divorce in marriage and divorce one , two and three) then after divorce, the nature of the mahram can change. Based on the letter An Nisa verse 23 this group of women included
The wife of the father (stepmother), grandfather’s wife and so on and above
Wife of child, wife of grandchild or daughter-in-law and so on down
Mother-in-law, mother and so on and above
Daughter’s wife from another husband (witchcraft), wife’s granddaughter both from hereditary descent and from the descendants of rabbis, and so on down
then the man who is not allowed to marry her is included
Husband’s father-in-law,
Grandpa from husband,
Son of husband (stepchild),
Husband of child (son in law),
Mother’s husband (stepfather),
Grandma’s husband (stepfather).
3. Mahram because of milk
The third female group that is forbidden to marry is a woman who enters a person and consequently raises a law that the husband, child and brother are unlawful in marrying the child if the child is a woman, and if the child is male he is forbidden to marry the breastfeeding woman and all who are bound Nasab with the woman who feeds her. This is also mentioned in verse 23 of An Nisa’s letter namely “And (forbidden to you) your mothers who have suckled you and your sisters from breastfeeding.”. The provisions of breastfeeding are as follows
Breastfeeding before a child is two years old
وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ ۖ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ
“Mothers should suckle their children for 2 full years for those who want to perfect their breastfeeding.” (Al-Baqarah 233)
Not due to starvation
And Hadith ‘Ayesha radhiallahu‘ anha muttafaqun ‘alaihi that the apostle said
“That it does not forbid a breastfeeding except that it divides (fills) the intestine and takes place before weaning.”
Breastfeeding more than five times
In addition, things that need to be considered are that a woman may breastfeed a child and is considered a mahram if she breastfeed more than five times. The breastfeeding must make the child full, and no longer want to breastfeed.
Thus the woman who is forbidden to marry, hopefully before marriage we ensure in advance whether the woman is lawful to marry. If someone wants to choose or is looking for a mate, do not despair because there may be things that cause the obstruction of the mate. looking for a mate can be carried out by ta’aruf by paying attention to the criteria of a good wife, good criteria for prospective husbands, looking for a mate in Islam and how to choose a life companion.
Bukan Budak Dunia 